Poverty Of A Indebted Poor Countries ( Hipc ) A Project By...

INTRODUCTION This paper looks at the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) a project by the IMF and World Bank. DEBT RELIEF KEY TO POVERTY REDUCTION The World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) with its view that no poor country faces a debt burden that it cannot manage, came up with an initiative in 1996 called HIPC initiative. Since then, the International financial community and the multilateral organizations and governments have worked tirelessly together to reduce external debt to sustain levels for the many Highly Indebted Poor Countries. The World Bank and its partner IMF believes that poverty reduction will come by reducing debt levels of the country. NEGATIVE OUTCOMES OF HIPC INITIATIVES ON ZAMBIA The World Bank and the IMF, almost always put conditions to members states to access financial assistance. HIPC countries like Zambia were not an exceptional. Four conditions were put in place for HIPC to meet, this includes: 1. be eligible to borrow from the World Bank s International Development Agency. 2. Face an unsustainable debt burden, that cannot be sustain through traditional mechanism debt relief. 3. Have established a track record of reforms and sound policies. 4. Develop a Poverty Reduction Strategic Paper The technicalities behind the above conditions came at a price, which to date, a little of progress has been seen. Civic leaders under the leadership of President Levy Mwanawasa of the Republic of Zambia, were on each other s tails.Show MoreRelatedInternational Monetary Fund And The World Bank1679 Words   |  7 PagesTHE WORLD BANK AND IMF - HIPC International Monetary Fund and The World Bank, though has a good purpose of their existence, they have come under lots of criticisms as to how they use the leverage of being in a position of helping poor countries to either recover from economic collapse or give them debt relief and economic boost from loans they give out to them to impose policies and condition that those poor countries has to implement. These loan conditions and policies structured by these internationalRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund And The World Bank1561 Words   |  7 PagesTHE WORLD BANK AND IMF - HIPC International Monetary Fund and The World Bank, though has a good purpose of their existence, they have come under lots of criticisms as to how they use the leverage of being in a position of helping poor countries to either recover from economic collapse or give them debt relief and economic boost from loans they give out to them to impose policies and condition that those poor countries has to implement. These loan conditions and policies structured by these internationalRead MoreMonetary Fund And The World Bank1554 Words   |  7 Pagesnternational Monetary Fund and The World Bank, though has a good purpose of their existence, they have come under lots of criticisms as to how they use the leverage of being in a position of helping poor countries to either recover from economic collapse or give them debt relief and economic boost from loans they give out to them to impose policies and condition that those poor countries has to implement. These loan conditions and policies structur ed by these international financial power institutionsRead MoreCase Study Analysis – â€Å"Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: an Agenda for Fighting World Poverty†1057 Words   |  5 PagesStudy â€Å"Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: An agenda for fighting World Poverty† outlines the steps, and missteps, that the world community has taken since World War II to address the efficacy of international assistance. The study focuses on international financial institutions (IFIs) and their ability to help poor nations break out of poverty and the possible obligations of rich, developed countries to assist the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs). Additionally, the study seeks to see if this assistanceRead MoreA Plan For Reducing Poverty Through Debt Forgiveness1656 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1995 James Wolfensohn was appointed president of the World Bank. With this new opportunity he designed a plan in hopes of reducing poverty through debt forgiveness. The plan was called t he highly indebted poor countries (HIPC) initiative Countries would be eligible for this plan if they had unsustainable debt, debt ranging from 200-250% of their export earnings. The first stage of HIPC involved a structural adjustment for 3 years until the Decision Point was reached, if the debt was still unsustainableRead More Failure of IMF and World Bank Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa4500 Words   |  18 PagesFailure of IMF and World Bank Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa Over the last several hundred years, Africa has been deprived of the peace that it so desperately needs. For over 400 years, Africa was subjected to the harsh trans-Atlantic slave trade. Europeans and Americans brutally uprooted millions of Africans and shipped them away. Torn away from their homes, Africans were inhumanely exploited for their labor. The slave trade had a devastating effect not only on those involvedRead MoreStructural Adjustment Program ( Saps )1902 Words   |  8 Pagessubordinate third World economies through World Bank-IMF structural adjustment programs (SAPs). Starting in 1980, developing countries were unable to pay back loans taken from Western commercial banks which had gone on a huge lending binge to Third World governments during the mid to late1970s when rising oil prices had filled up their coffers with petro-dollars. The World Bank and the IMF imposed SAPs on developing countries who needed to borrow money to service their debts. The World Bank’s SAPs, firstRead MoreAid for Donor Interests Essay2684 Words   |  11 PagesLack of development in countries in the so-called `Third World has many political and economical reasons. Historians explain the inadequacy of developing countries with the early imperialism and the resulting colonization of the South. Exploitation of mineral resources, deforestation, slavery, and the adaptation of foreign policies shaped the picture of todays suffering and struggling civilizations and natural rich continents. The omission of concessions and equal negotiations between dependencyRead MoreThe Impact Of Transnational Industries And Global Financial Institutions Such As The World Bank And International Monetary Fund2146 Words   |  9 Pagesand/or global financial institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) i n the sub-Sahara Africa. It will explore the impact on health, economic, and environmental, political and cultural determinants on developing countries. A country in the sub-Sahara Africa region will be used as a prime example in dealing with some of the above institutions and their outcomes, and a conclusion given. INTRODUCTION The World Bank and the IMFs strategies and its impacts in the sub-SaharaRead MoreThe Impact Of Global Financial Institutions Such As The World Bank And International Monetary Fund ( Imf )2179 Words   |  9 Pagesinstitutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). There was a discussion on reasons for the establishment of the institutions. An examination using various illustrations of the conditions these institutions impose on borrowing countries. Developing countries in the sub-Sahara Africa and, in particular, Senegal will be used to explore dealing with above institutions and their outcomes. It will also highlight reasons leading to the selected country applying for loan assistance

Characters With Psychological Disorders Adrian Monk and...

It seems recently that the entertainment industry has provided America with authentic portrayals of characters that are suffering with psychological disorders. At first glance these characters seem to depict the disorders they are given in a somewhat realistic light. At closer examination though, the truth of the seriousness of these disorders seems minimalized and at times even glorified. Two characters that come to mind are Adrian Monk, of the USA network show Monk, and Dr. Gregory House of the Fox TV show House. Adrian Monk was brought to life by actor Tony Shaloub, and was a funny and enjoyable detective show, which has now ended after eight successful seasons. Adrian Monk is a very likeable â€Å"Colomboesque† detective who was†¦show more content†¦Frequently episodes would focus on Monk being obsessed with a singular thought for example remembering a schoolmate bullying him and on a different episode wondering if a friend was going to â€Å"steal† hi s therapist. Monk repeatedly stated that he wished he could be more like â€Å"normal people† which did bring to light the obviously unwanted nature of his disorder (Feldman, 2008). Often though, the show depicted his disorder as funny and sometimes cute and endearing to those around him. Since I have a cousin who has been struggling with this disorder her entire life, I know that this is not realistic. My cousin has not been able to keep many jobs, and has lost most of the relationships with friends and even family. Idiosyncrasies that may be funny at first glance become annoying and difficult for those around the person to understand and put up with, especially on a long term basis. I do feel this show made an admirable attempt at depicting this disorder in a realistic manner and also keeping the entertainment level needed to keep people watching. Furthermore, it seems the show grew more realistic in depicting Monk’s disorder as it progressed. (Monk, 2002) . Another character that displays a psychological disorder is Dr. Gregory House, the title character of â€Å"House† which is portrayed by HughShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesrelevance of white ethnicity in the United States, not only regarding public activities like voting but also in terms of intimate behavior such as mores and manners, childrearing practices, adolescent styles, and attitudes toward illness, psychiatric disorders, and authority, even in cases where the individuals examined were not particularly aware of their ethnicity.70 The recent waves of migration are still too new to say anything definite based on the situations of existing migrant communities. The

The Reason Causing Trade Deficit in Indonesia free essay sample

Secondly, they can produce and sell the products to a larger market and lastly international trade benefits of scale. One more terminology which I am going to use in my report is â€Å"deficit trade†. What is deficit trade? Deficit trade is an economic measure of a negative balance of trade in which a country’s imports exceeds its export, deficit trade is also represents as outflow of domestic currency to foreign market. I will begin this report by introducing you the background of the Indonesian’s international trade. Indonesia has become increasingly globally integrated over the past half century, with its ratio of trade to GDP rising from 30 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in the 2000s(graph1). There have been substantial shifts in the composition of Indonesia’s export over the past 50 years (graph2) with the oil price surged in the 1970s and early 1980s. The Agriculture has also risen in 1969, but later in 1971 to early 1990s its export has declined. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reason Causing Trade Deficit in Indonesia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But for the Manufacturing is different as we can see from the graph that its export increased from just 2 percent of the total export in 1980 to 46 percent in 1993. graph1) (graph2) A different set of trends have been seen since the early 1990s. The manufacturing share of export and other exports have become decreasing day-by-day and cause â€Å"Deficit† for the trade of country and becomes a big problem for the Indonesian people until now-a-days. In the graph 3, at the beginning of 2011 the export of Indonesia was stable and getting profits, but after it entered to 2012, the export of the Indonesia was fluctuated and become unstable. And at the middle of the year, the export of Indonesia dropped with very fast rate and become deficits for the country. (graph3: Indonesia balance trade, it shows the deficit of the country from may 2012~) Accordingly to the article which I have read from the Jakarta postdated, I have learnt that due to the on-going slowdown in world economy, especially the debt crisis in Europe and high debt and surged unemployment rate in the US, causing the Indonesian continued trade deficit. But this is not the only reason that has caused such the Indonesian trade deficit. In this essay, I would like to rise up three main reasons which are causing the slow-down of Indonesia exports. The three reasons are as follows: Firstly, price fall and shipment fall in natural-resource based commodities which are lion-share of the Indonesian export items such as coal, palm-oil and rubber. From these natural-resource based export commodities, the coal makes Indonesia the world’s top thermal coal exporter and its 5 largest export destinations are China, South Korea, India, Japan and Taiwan. Today, India is the largest export market for Indonesia coal followed by China. But, In June this year, the shipment of coal which is the main natural-resource based export commodity of Indonesia to China has fallen 13 percent with volume of about 26. 2 million metric tons from 30. 16 million tons in May. Not only coal that is falling in the shipment, nickel exports also dropped 80percent to 572,106 tons from 2. 85 million tons in May. Moreover copper exports declined 89 percent to 20,000 tons in the same month from 193,941. 34 tons in May. In sum, all main commodities which Indonesia is exporting have been fallen markedly in terms of percentage and the volume of the shipment which is bad for the exports of the country, so, I can say that price falls and the shipment falls is one of the reasons which causing the Indonesian export deficit. Secondly, according to the table of trade balance with major partners, which is I have seen in the article (table 1). It shows that Indonesia is suffering from the trade deficit with 7 out of 10 countries whose are their major trading partners. S exports†. According to her words we can know that the economic situation in both Europe and the United states is really unstable which can further hurt the exports from Indonesia due to demands for the Indonesian natural-resource based commodities remain low in U. S and Europe markets. In my opinion, it is impossible to make the export in Indonesia become completely stable or has no trade deficit in the short period of time; it may needs least 2 years or more than that for both US and Europe economic recovery. But, there are several possible ways which is help to improve the Indonesian export to become better in the future. The first way, is that the country can decrease the imports and boost domestic demand and consumption through the diversification of â€Å"Indonesian-made† products. It can produce high quality and home-design products, such as a traditionally clothes like â€Å"Batik† or build more industry which is produce batik so that there is more products of Batik to satisfy needs and wants of the Indonesian people including foreign tourists who are fond of the country’s Batik. This wills benefits for the export also if the country has more quality products and when the global economy is gradually recovering goods. Last but not least, I think the Indonesian exports can be promoted at this time because of the depreciation of its Rupiah where production and domestic’s raw-material costs will be reduced and cheap, but not to increase the import of imported capital and raw-material goods.

Swearing Essay Essays - Censorship, Connotation, Profanity

Swearing Essay Cussing, using profane language, making obscene gestures, whatever its called it is swearing. Swearing has become a common expressions this day in age and used most commonly by male teenagers. It makes them feel more sophisticated and feel respectable about themselves. Everyone swears so it doesn't make a difference to them because they sound just as intelligent as the others they choose to be around. Not only does it please their mother so much, everyone seems to show respect towards anyone that has the ability to think of no better word than a swear word. Swearing has become a fine mark of manliness for a teen. Being able to swear just like an adult proves to them how grown up they are. Swearing shows how one has self control over themselves by being able to pop in a swear word once in a while without overusing them. Swearing is all right just as long as its not overused. Those that tend to misuse a cuss make fools out of themselves because they seem to sound foolish as if they are unable to control themselves. Such vulgar people tend to make a swear sound tasteless and inappropriate in such circumstances. Any conversation can be made more delightful and entertaining when the swear is used. It doesn't matter how any of the words is used because a swear word can be easily implemented for a either a verb or an adjective. Nothing is better able to describe and portray actions and events as a cuss does. Anyone listening to a story told by someone that swears every other word is intrigued by the story and makes it a point to pay careful attention to every detail. The ability to swear is impressive in that they can tell if one has had more than an ordinary education. The vocabulary learned throughout one's life can never substitute for a curse. Swearing can give anyone a desirable personality among both women and children, or anyone that lives in a respectable society. Since swearing is a common activity among today's society, no one minds the occasional swear word and that is why infrequently when a little swear word slips it is never mentioned that that is a bad word to say. Besides it is only a simple, inoffensive word which really never harms anyone. Swearing should rarely be used to hurt someone, rather its basic intentions are to flatter and make a story better. A person that swears has a definite charming personality due to their casual speech and delectable behavior. The use of the swear word is an art, any overuse can tend to make anyone annoyed. However, with subtle use it has been adopted by others as being an unmistakable sign of culture and refinement. Some may think of swearing as an unfavorable choice of words used only by the unintelligent. However it is commonly thought of as a way of honoring God who said, "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord Thy God in vain."

10 Pieces of Career Advice No One Tells You

10 Pieces of Career Advice No One Tells You If you’re job searching, you’ve probably heard a ton of advice from well meaning relatives, mentors, and friends. But you probably aren’t getting career advice from superstars- you know those mythical people who do what they love and love what they do and really make an impact in the world? Keeping in mind that not everyone will succeed following the standard cookie-cutter job advice, and that taking a few unconventional risks just might be the smartest move for you, here are a few essential pieces of advice you probably won’t get told, but that maybe you should follow.1. Job requirements are not set in stone.Yeah, yeah. It’s important not to apply to anything for which you are blatantly under- or unqualified. Even so, unless the job is academic, legal, or medical- fields in which hard skills are crucially important- what matters is usually the value you bring to the position and your willingness to hit the ground running. It’s not common to get a hiring manager to look past their checklist of requirements, but with a little ingenuity and pluck, you just might have a shot.2. Embrace imposter syndrome.A combination of control and hard work, the feeling that you’re really good at what you do, and a healthy dose of insecurity might just be the magic potion. If you constantly feel that you’re not good enough at what you do, you’ll only push yourself to do better- and soon outpace everyone who thinks they can just sit back and go through the usual motions.3. Don’t be realistic.The number one thing people are going to tell you is to be realistic. But reality is an illusion. If you dream big and work hard, you can probably accomplish the unrealistic- even the unthinkable.4. Don’t pick based on numbers.So many people are picking careers these days based on average salaries or other employment statistics. Pick what you enjoy doing and strive to work really hard at it. You can make a good living doing almost anything if you seek to work with the top people in the field and match their pace. Picking a boring job you hate just because the numbers say it’s steady? That’s a sure path to burnout or boredom.5. Let your passion develop.Doing what you like doing isn’t the same as slavishly following your passion only. Remember that some of the hardest-core passions develop over time. You could choose a smart career path that you like well enough, but which suits your particular skills and talents, your passion might just grow organically into something that will really set you up.6. Create a position.If your dream job isn’t open- or doesn’t exist- do some homework. Study your industry, research companies you’d like to work for, find your niche and then start pitching yourself. If you can solve a company’s biggest challenges or can figure out a way to show them you’d be indispensable, then you’re well on your way.7. Sta rt at the top.If you just keep sending your resume among the thousands to HR, it might take you ages to get hired. Try getting your materials in the hands of the higher-ups first. Use your network. Call in favors. Be tactful, but get yourself heard by the people who matter most at a company. When in doubt, work the decision-maker’s personal or administrative assistant. Build a relationship there and you’ll find you have a powerful ally.8. Think five years in the future.Don’t just apply to every job that seems like you would like it now. Research the company, ask a few questions, and get a sense of what it’s like to work there. Then think yourself five years into the future. What would you actually be doing at this company or in this field, once you’ve worked up from entry-level? Make decisions based on that five year plan, rather than the any-job-will-do-right-now plan.9. Your boss mattersIt doesn’t matter how great the company is. Your work experience will be dominated by who your boss is. Finding a good mentor you respect is crucial. Pick someone you can learn from, and whose inner circle you would like to aim for.10. You need more than hard skillsWhat gets you a job right out of college, or fresh in a new field, won’t get you promoted to the next level. You’ll need to become savvy at working office politics, at listening, at reading body language, at being an essential team member. You’ll always need to keep your technical skills sharp, but these soft skills are the things that are going to take you furthest in your career.

Lord of the Flies Book Review

Lord of the Flies Book Review Lord of the Flies Book Review Lord of the Flies Book Review If you are looking for the free Lord of the Flies book review, you have found it. The following essay is short but comprehensive. If you are in need of individual book review writing help, do not hesitate to try our professional book review writing service. We are ready to help you with writing review on any book and within any deadline! Our prices are moderate and we guarantee authentic writing. You may also review tips on how to write a book report as well as article on writing a critique: Lord of the Flies Book Review Free Sample Lord of the Flies is more than an adventure story or allegory because of this very insistence upon "odd" objects. By placing his boys upon a mysterious island where is it? Golding forces them to explore the landscape. Earth, air, fire, water these shape and hold the meanings of existence. The four elements the four boys. How convenient it would be if Golding were to equate them! Piggy and fire? Jack and earth? Simon and air? Ralph and water? But we feel cheated. There is no one element for each boy because Golding realizes that even "primitive life" remains mysterious. There is no doubt, however, that just as the Elizabethans employed the four humours based on the four elements he associates personality and element. This association is more lasting than the incantation of old names. The four boys constantly touch the elements, whether or not they realize they do. Because they are bound to different elements (in different combinations) they battle one another. And they torment themselves in their desire to rule (or be ruled by) only one element. Throughout the novel Golding refers to the illusive quality of the island. Simon, for example, sees "a pearly stillness, so that what was real seemed illusive and without definition." Piggy peers "anxiously into the luminous veil that hung between him and the world." Jack peers "into what to him was almost complete darkness" when he first arrives on the beach. Because the elements are shadowy and ambiguous (and threatening?), they defy the vision of all the boys, including Simon and Piggy. Thus we have a completely ironic situation. The boys are forced to return to the elements to exist "originally" but they are so deceived by magical qualities that they cannot clearly judge their experience. Although many critics have complained about the gimmick at the end of the novel the boys are saved; the officer doesn't "understand" the violence which has occurred it is justified because it is another "appearance." The officer allows his "eyes to rest on the trim cruiser in the distance," but we doubt that he can see it or the water with full knowledge. Lord of the Flies is therefore a novel of faulty vision. Can the boys ever see the elements? Are the elements really there? Is a marriage between elements and consciousness possible? The novel is not about Evil, Innocence, or Free Will; it goes beyond (or under) these abstractions by questioning the very ability to formulate them. If you are looking for tips on writing Jane Eyre essay or Great Expectations essay, you will definitely find great tips on our blog! Lord of the Flies Book Review Custom Writing The above book review is free and can be easily accessed by thousands of students. If you are looking for individual help with writing your book review, if you want to get an original book review written especially for you, do not hesitate to order custom book review writing service at our site. We do not make false promises and we follow all instruction points. Our writers are native English speakers. Interesting posts: Papers Psychology Research Paper Proposal Research Help Writing a Research Paper Critical Analysis of a Research Paper Argumentative Research Paper Topics

A problem of statement in Science Education Research Paper

A problem of statement in Science Education - Research Paper Example Several researches about the RET programs have indicated variations in changes and drastic improvement concerning the teachers that, a lot of research skills and teaching based practices can be adopted through inquiry based processes. For this reason, there is a bit of conformity that, RET are good for the instructors as it expands the mind during study and equips the teachers with adequate knowledge on how to carry out research (Sarah &Wise, 2003). It has been realized that the adaptation of Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) within the teaching fraternity as one of the major elements in RET has replaced the test. This method has for decades entrenched science education, which could not give relevant effects about the students understanding. The NGSS practices has been proven best to the educators and the students since it enhances learning through students engagements as such, enabling them to explore actively the science that was meant to have been learnt in class together w ith the actual engineering practices (NGSS Lead States, 2013). Most of the findings argue that, science teachers’ require comprehensive assessment to determine how best they have embraced research as an important role in adding the teaching practices. This is because most teachers are conversant with class tests as in contrasts to research practices which are perceived to expose many skills needed during actual professional exploration (Goreham, 2010). Research experience for teachers mainly focuses on instructive issues that may affect teaching of sciences and how to deliver learning of science at all levels of teaching and this would in turn helps in the professional development of teaching skills to the instructors. Through the involvement of quite a number research, discussion groups and may be seminars, teachers are able to get the best strategies and adequate resources which they further implement in classrooms. According to National Science Education Standards (NRC, 20 00), the effect of RET practices amongst the teachers has not been explored to its best therefore, this research is meant find in-depth analysis on how positively this can be implemented in other areas where the effect has no so much been felt (Russell, 2006). II. Background on RET programs Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) has stirred up professional development amongst the teachers and the students themselves, this grate importance of significant effect has improved the teaching moderation and learning in classroom. Several researches have indicated how teachers gain a lot of confidence after conducting numerous researches. With respect to this, they view themselves as learners and this further enhances the development of closer ties with their students and the colleagues at work (Cahn, 2008). RET programs vary considerably depending on the specialization of the teachers. For instance, some teachers may develop journals concerning the experiences they have achieved after fie ldwork observations to be used for later discussions in the classes. In this case, the records can be used to redefine the mentality of an instructor on how the programs are delivered. Moreover, other research methods such as discussions, observations and interviews are targeted at

Fundamentals of International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fundamentals of International Business - Essay Example After more than 10 years in operation, NAFTA certainly has resulted in major changes in the trade and overall economic system, but the overall impact, whether positive or negative, needs to be evaluated in a perspective that is broader than the immediate repercussions. NAFTA was created to ease trade restrictions and tariffs among its three member nations. However, a number of economists and politicians think that the trade agreement resulted in an economic downturn in the United States. In a report for the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), for instance, Scott (2003) stated that there have been false promises on the part of NAFTA with regards to improvements in the economy. This is because the agreement caused an imbalance in the trade system, resulting in job losses, company closures and a shift of investments to Mexico, which offered lower capital outlays and better profitability. Most of the jobs lost were in the manufacturing sector, as more factories were transferred to Mexico for cost-efficiency purposes. The EPI evaluation showed that the number of jobs lost, predominantly in the motor vehicle, textile and apparel, and computer and electrical appliance industries, greatly outnumber the jobs created as a result of NAFTA (Scott, 2003). While Mexico benefited much from the NAFTA deal, other exporters such as those in the Caribbean region suffered, as it became more difficult for them to compete with Mexican

The sum of all fears Essay Example for Free

The sum of all fears Essay Fear is an emotion that is embedded with in all of us. No one knows the essence of fear, it is what it isintangible. The strongest of men fall to the mercy of fear, consuming the mind, and blocking all rational judgment. Fear lies unawakened in the dark recesses of the soul, only to be awoke by the treacheries of the unknown. Fear manifests itself in many ways, the most common way however, is anger, and I know this manifestation all to well. Anger controls a large portion of my life, I am never alone. I know that anger originates from fear, yet I simply cannot pinpoint the essence of my evil demon, nor the channel of which it comes. All that I can recall, is that it is never ending, a vicious form of hell that is all knowing, and all seeing. Perhaps the reason why I have anger soaring through my body, tearing at my muscles, and throbbing in my mind, is the obvious fact that I have failed to become acquainted with myself, resulting in fear, because if I dont know myself, who does? Ive been known to snap at others, even those closest to me, and for no apparent reason. Yet I know this, fear is some how a way of life, an inevitable feeling that takes control of mind and body, and abandons you when you need it most. For I have come to thrive off of this feeling of hatred for my fellow man, it is possibly what keeps me ready, anticipating the next move of all men and creatures has a certain thrill that you simply cannot imitate, or find anywhere else. As all know, everything has a side kick, Bat man has Robin, the Green Hornet has Kato, and fear has pain. Pain is fears ugly cousin, only rearing its face when fear is at its greatest peak. You know that you should fear when pain becomes pleasure, and fear has already become instinct. Pain is unforgiving, always leaving a sign that it was once there, even if only an emotional wound. I have come to know pain very well, I have had to live with this virus, as we all have, throughout my ________ years of life. No matter how much time passes the pain is relentless, clawing at my soul, and what little confidence I have left. I fear that this is what will be the end of my being, pain, the structure less form. In conclusion, fear and pain are one in the same. Never ending, nor caring who or what it strikes down. The key, I think, is acceptancelearn to accept that fear is inevitable, and pain comes bearing no gifts. So live your life on your own terms, if you dont, fear will live it for you.

Phillippe Jaques :: History

Phillippe Jaques When people hear the name Louis Riel, some fill up with anger, others fill up with a thankful sense of happiness, like me and my grandfather for example. Louis was Metis, this was the product of a Voyageur and Indian women having a child. The Metis were famed for their hunting and tracking abilities and were often employed individuals or groups as guides or interpreters. Their farming tradition had its roots in the Red River settlement of Manitoba. Following the massive exodus into Sasketchewan, the Metis again established farms and homesteads. The difficulties encountered by the Metis in gaining clear entitlement to their land and the intervention of land speculators when scrip was issued caused most Metis to lose possession of their farms. "York" boats played a major role in the fur trade industry as they replaced freight canoes on the main water systems of Canada in the late 19th century. They had a larger carrying capacity and required fewer men to operate them. This enabled furs to be transported faster and more economically than by canoe. It took eighteen men to run the York boats: a helmsman to give the orders for rowing, a man to steer and sixteen men to pull the oars. Sails were often used to catch favourable winds. The inland sailors who manned these boats were predominently the Metis men who worked for the fur companies. The The Voyageurs wanted to remain friends with these they married the Indian women. He was a man who stuck up for the rights of his people, such as my grandfather. In this essay I will tell you how Louis Riel contributed to the Confederation within the years 1869-1885, and how it affected my life. I was born on a very cold night on November 16, 1867. I grew up in a very poor family, we barley had enough food for my four other brothers and sisters, and my grandmother. We had to take my grandmother in our home because my grandfather, at the time had to fight with the other metis people to try to get us some reasonable rights. My grandfather, Phillippe Jaques, looked up to, and respected Louis Reil greatly, that's why Phillippe went through this journey with Louis. The reason that Phillippe respected Louis so much was because Louis Reil stood up for everything that he belived in. In 1821 the Hudson Bay company had created a union with the first nations people.

Divisional Hurdle Rates – Randolph Corporation

Introduction The Randolph Corporation is a multidivisional producer of electric sanders, sandpaper, industrial grinders and sharpeners, and coated ceramics. The Corporation also has a real estate development division. The diverse product lines of the company divide the corporation into four divisions, namely, real estate, ceramic coatings, equipment manufacturing and home products. The Randolph Corporation Stock performed below expectations recently, when compared to other player in the industry. The company’s main problem is believed to lie in the financial planning processes and in the risk consideration.To tackle these problems the assistant to the firm’s vice president suggests a target capital structure of 45% debt in every division and differing hurdle rated for low, average, and high risk projects. This paper critically reviews the different suggested measures and finally proposes measures that should be taken to improve the performance of the Randolph Corporatio n. Divisional Hurdle Rates To estimate the hurdle rates for every division of the Randolph Corporation that weighted average cost of capital (WACC) have to be calculated for every division. To apply the formula of the WACC the costs of equity have to be known.The cost of equity can be determined through the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The results for every division’s equity cost and the computation of the hurdle rates can be seen in the Appendix. The divisions with higher risk have higher weighted average cost of capital. WACC/Hurdle Rate Real Estate9. 19% Ceramic Coatings10. 24% Equipment Manufacturing10. 55% Home Products9. 34% Fig. 1: Hurdle rate per division To account for different levels of risks between the company’s projects the assistant of the vice president suggested an inclusion of different levels of risk within every division’s capital budgeting procedure.Managers in the divisions are asked to classify projects as high, average or low risk. Rather risky projects will hereafter be evaluated at a hurdle rate of 1. 2 multiplied by the divisional rate, projects of average risk are to be evaluated at just the divisional rate while low risk projects have a hurdle rate of 0. 9 multiplied by the divisional rate. This produced the following rates, as shown in figure 2. WACC/Hurdle Rate Low RiskAverage RiskHigh Risk Real Estate8. 27%9. 19%11. 02% Ceramic Coatings9. 22%10. 24%12. 29% Equipment Manufacturing9. 49%10. 55%12. 66% Home Products8. 0%9. 34%11. 20% Fig. 2: Hurdle rate per division and risk level At this time the risk adjustment factors discussed here must be reviewed with a critical eye. Accoring to Brigham & Daves (2007), there is no theory that could serve as a foundation of justification for the size these risk-adjustment factors. The authors say that there is no specific value that can be assigned to accurately adjust for the risk and therefore determine higher or lower discount rates. Corporate Beta & Cost of Capi tal Taking a weighted average of the four divisional betas gives the overall corporate beta.The corporate beta is therefore affected by changes of the divisional weights and by changes of the individual beta of the particular divisions. The two following scenarios will illustrate this issue. The Corporate beta increases if the ceramic coating division had a large number of projects with returns exceeding the risk adjusted hurdle rates. When the growth rate of the coatings division surpasses the overall corporate growth rate the division’s assets and thereby its weight will increase moving the corporate beta closer to the beta of the ceramic coatings division.Since the cost of equity rise with increases of beta, the larger corporate beta should also raise the corporate cost of capital (WACC). How strong such changes are to be is however determined by capital structure and weights on other departments. The corporate beta also increases when the equipment manufacturing division makes heavy investments in projects that are deemed to be more risky than average. Investments in risky projects in the division would raise the division’s beta and could then eventually also increase the overall corporate beta, which lets the overall cost of capital rise.It can take some time for the effects of the risky investments to really be visible in the corporate beta. When this happens depends on the analysis frequencies and on the methods that are employed for beta estimation. It can take time until analysts notice the change in the corporate risk profile because they first need to see the higher volatility of returns of the company. Capital Structure Mrs Barbara Kravitz states to use the corporate target capital structure of 45 percent debt for each division.Hence, this unique capital structure implies not to account for different application and management in the several divisions. Moreover, some divisions can be threatened not being competitive in their market. T his is, because divisions operate in diverse markets with differing market conditions. So the risks are not assigned to the divisions of the company but to the corporate average. For instance, low-risk divisions have to accept higher a higher cost of capital, whereby high-risk divisions have to pay less for their risk relative to the market, i. . this approach does not account for risk-adjusted cost of capital. Considering another approach, divisions can issue their own debt, but the corporation guarantees the divisional debt. It is not a great difference to the Kravitz-approach. When the corporation guarantees the divisional debt, this debt can be supposed as to â€Å"as-if†-debt, i. e. divisional debt will be issued as if it would be issued by the whole corporation. Therefore, the capital structure is not as equal as with the above mentioned approach, but quite similar.There is no big difference in the cost of capital for each division, because they do not bear the risk. Co st of capital depends on who bears the risk. Hence, the divisions’ costs of capital are very close to each other. But when each division is handled as an own and independent organization that rises its own debt, the cost of capital only depends on this special risk of the underlying division. In this case the divisions have the opportunity to achieve the optimal capital structure based on the risk of the division. This risk can be called as stand-alone risk and the beta coefficient can easily be calculated.Concerning stand-alone risk, investors may have a higher risk relative to the approach with corporate guarantees, but the division has to pay a higher WACC as well. Beta Value – Market Risk Analysis The outcome of beta estimation is always the historical beta, which offers no future perspective for sure. That is because past events included in the historical beta must not occur in the future. According to Brigham & Daves (2007), beta usually can be estimated through the relationship of company’s stock returns and market returns.Difficulties in estimating beta can arise, if there are differing holding periods and variations in the number of observations included in the estimation. Another problem is the multitude of indexes that represent the similar or quite the same stocks, for example S&P 500 or Wilshire 5000. Despite these indexes are highly correlated, beta estimations can differ. Some modifications of the beta coefficient are the adjusted beta and the fundamental beta. The former tries to transform the historical beta closer to an average beta of 1. 0.The latter seeks to incorporate information concerning the company to achieve a better estimate for beta. Moreover, beta values out of less-developed financial markets are not good estimates and therefore partly biased. Problems in estimating beta for divisions of a corporations could arise if the divisions are too small and therefore can be compared with less-developed financial marke ts. Hence, beta coefficients could be biased (Brigham & Daves, 2007). Thus we can suggest that beta values are very inconsistent and partly biased. Beta Value – Total Risk AnalysisFirst, the beta value is known as an estimation for the market risk a corporation is faced to. Therefore, it is difficult to find beta for the total risk of the corporation. Total risk is actually measured by the variance or the standard deviation, respectively. So, if one tries to find beta for total risk, it is also possible to calculate the WACC or the hurdle rates for each division, respectively, because there is a high correlation between divisional betas and project’s betas. The latter can be estimated through a Monte Carlo analysis.The resulting estimates for the variance of the projects can be included in the following formula for beta: ? _i=(? _i/? _M )*? _iM So one gets different beta values for different projects, with what it is possible to calculate the hurdle rates in two steps. First step is to insert the beta in the CAPM to receive the expected return, and second, to calculate the WACC with the new return (Brigham & Daves, 2007). Compensation Plan Randolph’s compensation plan cannot work out very well, because the corporation issues a uniform debt ratio in its capital structure.Therefore, some divisions cannot compete with other business rivals if there are no opportunities to raise the debt ratio for the division. That is, divisional manager are not able to compete with the market and therefore cannot create a high growth in sales or earnings. As the reaction of Debra Brown from the Real Estate Division has shown, this division faces troubles if the debt ratio of 45 percent will be implemented to the corporation. The problem is the unique capital structure for the whole corporation that is not consistent with the incentive-based compensation plan.Some divisions that do not need a high debt ratio to compete with the market could have a benefit as well as divisional managers will have an advantage to earn more relative to other divisions. So, Randolph should change its capital budgeting procedure in order to enable divisional managers the issuing of debt on their own. With this approach, some interdependences in the corporation would disappear and the divisional managers could concentrate on their division, while not being limited in doing their job. Additional to that, Randolph should also adjust its compensation plan, because division’s ROE strongly varies among the divisions.That is, because with the new implemented approach in capital budgeting the divisions face differing target capital structures. Thus, they also have differing opportunities to achieve a high or a low ROE. This incentive could be substituted by return on investment (ROI). Divisional managers now have a higher incentive to seek the goals given by the senior management. Conclusion To come to an end, one can see how differing hurdle rates and diffic ulties in estimating beta coefficient can lead to problems in capital budgeting as well as disparities in the compensation.Moreover, also the accounting for different risks can influence the calculations for WACC and therefore the hurdle rates. Some approaches cannot be calculated and are based on individual judgments (high/low risk hurdle rates). Finally, an appropriate incentive-based compensation plan can increase manager’s motivation on the one hand, and project management or divisional management, respectively, on the other hand. ? Reference List Bringham, E. , & Daves, P. (2007). Intermediate Financial Management. 9th Edition, Thomson South-Western. Mason Ohio Divisional Hurdle Rates. (1994). Randolph Corporation . The Dryden Press.

Fancy Versus Fact: A Study of Two of Dicken’s Characters Essay

Charles Dicken’s novel Hard Times is a commentary on the shortcomings of the Mid-Nineteenth Century England’s Industrialization Era, which favored the development of human beings into machines, without having any emotions or imagination. The characters in this novel have allegorical shades and represent two different ‘types’ of people; two different kinds of products of the industrial age. For instance, Thomas Gradgrind is the main character of the novel and represents ‘facts’. In contrast, Cecilia Jupe aka Sissy’s character stands for ‘fancy’ or imagination. Thus, both these characters represent two different philosophies or lifestyles. Through these characters, Dickens has tried to question how fact differs from fancy and why fancy and imagination form an important part of one’s personality and development as a human being. Gradgrind is an educationist and represents a faulty educational system comprising only factual knowledge and measurable information. As a member of the parliament of Coketown, he is using this educational system to mass produce slaves for the town’s factories. The pursuit of facts served an ideal purpose to the human beings in the Utilitarian society of the Mid-Nineteenth Century England. Gradgrind sees Sissy as an unpromising and unfit pupil due to her inability to respond to factual knowledge and refers to her merely through her roll number. Although being a part of such an educational system, Sissy refuses to be defined or influenced by it. Her strong personality, imagination, and compassion make it possible for her to not only to rise above the system but to lead a meaningful life and to reach out to others around her in their hour of need. For instance, she is able to help Louisa realize what is missing in her life all along; she helps Tom too in his time of need and also takes care of the other younger children of Gradgrind. Thus, her character has a pronounced redemptive, motherly quality, although she was abandoned as a child by her father. According to Leavis, Sissy’s character is the embodiment of ‘fancy’ and has a special part to play in the fable and she â€Å"is wholly convincing in the function Dickens assigns to her† (235). In an age of industrialization, where schools are acting like factories and churning out pupil who are duplicates of one another and are no better than machines, Sissy represents a gentle but firm assertion of morals, values, and compassion. By the end of the novel, her happy and peaceful life in contrast to Gradgrind’s own children’s unhappy lives makes him realize how wrong he has been about her and everything else. He then abandons his pursuit and belief in facts and tries to seek solace in values like Faith, Hope, and Charity instead. The learned thus becomes the learner.

Cómo Declarar la Pérdida de Pasaporte con Visa Americana

Cà ³mo Declarar la Pà ©rdida de Pasaporte con Visa Americana Si usted ha perdido su pasaporte con una visa americana, debe actuar rpidamente para evitarse problemas futuros y no perder su visado. Tenga en cuenta que si usted extravà ­o su documento o le fue robado puede que otra persona lo està © intentando usar para entrar a Estados Unidos (suplantacià ³n de identidad). Reportar la Pà ©rdida Fuera de Estados Unidos: Apenas se de cuenta de la pà ©rdida o robo escriba un correo electrà ³nico al consulado correspondiente siguiendo estas formulas: ciudad del consuladovisasstate.gov o ciudaddelconsuladonivstate.gov Asà ­, para el consulado en Lima el correo serà ­a: limavisasstate.gov o limanivstate.gov. En el asunto del correo escribir: â€Å"Lost† para el caso de visas extraviadas y â€Å"Stolen† para el de robadas y en el cuerpo del correo aà ±adir: Nombre completo del titular de la visa, tal y como aparece en el pasaporte extraviado o robado.Nà ºmero de pasaporte, si se tiene.Fecha en la que se produjo la pà ©rdida o el robo.Nà ºmero de telà ©fono de contacto.Si hay un reporte policial, incluirlo en la comunicacià ³n. Informacià ³n detallada de lo sucedido. Una vez reportado el robo o pà ©rdida la visa ser cancelada y ya no se podr viajar con ella. Reportar la Pà ©rdida Dentro de Estados Unidos: Apenas se de cuenta de la pà ©rdida o robo usted deber: Acudir a la policà ­a y reportar el robo o extravà ­o.Conseguir una copia del reporte policial.Conseguir una copia   del I-94 que indica hasta cuando puede estar usted en Estados Unidos.Contactar con la embajada o consulado del paà ­s de origen y conseguir un nuevo pasaporte o documento que le permita salir de Estados Unidos y entrar a su paà ­s de origen. Reportar el robo o el extravà ­o de la visa a la embajada o al consulado que la emitià ³, siguiendo las instrucciones seà ±aladas arriba para casos de pà ©rdida fuera de Estados Unidos. Si su pasaporte extraviado tiene una visa de turismo B1/B2 vigente usted puede pedir una renovacià ³n de la misma siguiendo los mismos pasos de aplicacià ³n de la visa original. Aquà ­ encuentra un listado de las direcciones oficiales de los consulados en la pgina oficial del gobierno e informacià ³n adicional de cà ³mo reportar  el robo o perdida. Consejos Para Conservar la Visa Americana Una vez recuperada su visa revise la siguiente informacià ³n para conservarla sin problemas: Las 10 situaciones que le pueden traer problemas con su visa.La frecuencia con la que puede  ingresar a Estados Unidos.Consecuencias de estadà ­as ms largas que las permitidas. Informacià ³n en forma de   test sobre visas. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo y no pretende ser asesorà ­a legal.

5th Grade Science Fair Projects

5th Grade Science Fair Projects By the 5th grade, students are expected to shoulder more responsibility in designing in doing a science fair project. There will still be a lot of parent and teacher help, but you want a straightforward project that ideally takes no longer than a week or two to complete. The ideal project is one the student can do pretty much by himself or herself, with guidance from adults as needed. 5th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas What household chemicals repel insects? Pick one particular type, common to your area, such as flies, ants, or roaches and test herbs, spice, etc. to see if you can come up with a non-toxic way to keep bugs away.Make a model tornado or vortex. You can use two bottles taped together or can make a cool tornado using water and vegetable oil. For the project, explain how the vortex works.Can people taste the difference between drinks sweetened with Stevia (a natural non-caloric  sweetener) and sugar? Which do they prefer?Are there any dyes you can add to water living plants that change the color of their flowers? Hint: Some modern orchids are tinted blue using dyes, so its possible.Do people have the same sensitivity to smell? Place people at one end of a room. Have another person open a scent, such as lemon oil or vinegar. Have your test subjects write down what they smell and what time they smelled it. Is the time the same for different scents? Does it matter whether the test subject was male or female? Use the streak test to try to identify different mineral samples. What other tests might you try to confirm your results?Does storage temperature affect popcorn popping? Store popcorn in the freezer, refrigerator, at room temperature, and in a heated location. Pop the same amount of each sample. Count how many unpopped kernels remain. Can you explain the results?Does food cooked in the microwave cool at the same rate as food cooked in the oven or on the stove top? Heat foods to the same temperature. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature at set times. Explain your results.Can you sip the same amount of liquid through two straws at once as one straw? What about 3 straws?Collect a group of different substances. Rank the materials according to best to worse heat conductors (or insulators). See if you can explain your findings.Does the color of a light affect how bright it appears in fog? in water?For your project, explain how traffic lights work. What is the reason for the delay b etween when a light turns yellow and then turns red? How many cars are needed to trip a turn arrow? If youre examining a particular light, does its behavior change according to the time of day? Where is the best place to store apples? Where is the best place to store bananas? Are they the same?Does the temperature of a magnet affect its magnetic field lines? You can trace the magnetic field lines of a magnet by putting iron filings on a sheet of paper over the magnet.What brand of battery lasts the longest?Make ice cubes starting with different temperatures of water. Does the starting temperature of water affect how long it takes to freeze?Make a homemade sundial and explain how it works.

Is One Responsible for His or Her Emotions Essay

Is One Responsible for His or Her Emotions - Essay Example I agree with the philosophers because when people fail to control their emotions, problems always come up. The individuals who manage to control their emotions always have a reason for doing so. This implies that individuals should be responsible for their emotions.Emotions also play a role of reason. The philosophers argue that reason is very vital in emotions since it plays a superior role.  Ã‚   The philosophers are right when they affirm that passion must be a slave of reason. This is because it will enable the individuals to control their emotions. I agree with Solomon Robert when he asserts that sometimes people are not careful with their emotions and regard them as mere feelings of physiology. Sometimes people refer to emotions as stupidity and being inhuman. When an individual expresses his or her feelings through anger and jealousy, for instance, he or she is regarded as inhuman.   It is right to say that emotional reactions are associated with virtues of true wisdom whe never an individual has a reason for experiencing a particular feeling. When an individual offers a reason for his or her feeling, it proves that he or she is responsible for his or her emotions.It is correct to say that the philosophers who come up with the theories are human beings, who use their personal feelings to justify the theories of emotion.   This is because all individuals have had an inner experience of passion. There has been a dispute between the philosophers and the psychologists in addressing the issue of emotions. According to Solomon Robert, an individual is able to experience inner emotions and passions that are usually revealed through his or her feelings, desires, sentiments, moods, and attitude (Solomon, 1999).   Outward forces can also make an individual express a particular emotional reaction. This aspect is dependent on the social, ethical, cultural, and psychological factors. People display certain emotions based on the prevailing conditions; thus, the y are responsible for their emotions.

What existentialist artists attempt to communicate through their Essay

What existentialist artists attempt to communicate through their respective work - Essay Example After thinking about my own thoughts and reading Waiting for Godot and watching Garden State, I believe that existentialist artists are attempting to communicate the message of how people let others control their decisions instead of deciding for themselves what to do in the future. In Waiting for Godot, the story revolves around the life of Vladimir and Estragon who undergo strange experiences as they seek to wait for entity identified by the name Godot whose arrival is long awaited, but not forthcoming. Vladimir and Estragon are waiting for Godot to make the decisions for them; however, they lose track of time and self awareness of their lives. â€Å"Let’s go. We can’t. Why? We’re waiting for Godot†¦ What did we do yesterday,† (Beckett, 8-9). They are so dependent on Godot to make the decisions for them that they can’t even remember the events that happen yesterday in their lives. Through this scene, Samuel Beckett is trying to tell his readers that if they rely too much on others, then they will lose the precious memories they made throughout their life because they lost track of time of waiting for someone to forge their future. In addition, Samuel Beckett wants his readers to know how people have the strength to make their own decisions. For example, when Pozzo is trying to ask for help, Vladimir says, â€Å"Let us not waste our time in idle discourage! ... Let us make the most of it, before it is too late,† (Beckett, 90). Every individual has the choice to make an impact on other people’s daily lives. It is not up to others to make the decisions for us, but for us to. Beckett wants his reader there are many opportunities, such as saving someone, that we can take and make impact on history. Another example of individual decision making is when Vladimir realizes that Godot has not greeted them. The experiences of Vladimir and

Social and environmental sustainability vs Financial sustainability Essay

Social and environmental sustainability vs Financial sustainability - Essay Example The differences among social as well as environmental sustainability and financial sustainability can be resolved based on the different views. Social economic is also essential for the purpose of doing a business properly and improve economic growth of businesses. In the recent trends, there is a huge scope for a business. Sustainability can also be defined as the long-term growth economically, financially, environmentally and socially (IFC, 2012). In this context, the paper deals with the implications of the differences among social as well as environmental sustainability and financial sustainability in two ways such as the ways through which they can operate their business properly and also can report on their activities. In addition, it intends to explain how these differences can be reconciled or resolved along with the major obstacles for reconciling different views. Social and environmental sustainability is different from financial sustainability based on going concern of the accountants. Social and environmental sustainability is important to prevent the issues related to social and environmental aspects and on the other hand, financial sustainability is essential to prevent financial issues in a business. In a business, there are several factors, which play an important role for the development of a business. Social sustainability helps to support the future generation to maintain a healthy as well as well-being society and community (IFC, 2012). Environmental sustainability can be described as the process through which demands of an environment can be attained. Environmental sustainability is also important to reduce the negative impact of the business and to take effective decisions regarding the business purpose and also for the improvement of the natural environment. On the other hand, financial sustainability means long-term

Factors Affecting Blood Glucose Levels

Factors Affecting Blood Glucose Levels This essay discusses the factors affecting the blood glucose levels to fluctuate, the natural mechanism of the body to control it, the inability of the body to control it and the disease it causes. The Human body is perfection in its own way. The controlled balance of factors keeping the internal environment of the body constant is a vital process that keeps one healthy. Any slight changes in these factors disrupt the internal environment causing disequilibrium. This maintenance of internal environment of the body between limits is called homeostasis and the parameters being controlled include: body temperature, blood pH, carbon dioxide concentration, blood glucose concentration and water balance. When the control of the blood glucose level does not work effectively the concentration can fall or rise beyond normal limits. This condition is called diabetes mellitus or simply diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both. Diabetes mellitus was first identified as a disease associated with sweet urine, and excessive muscle loss in the ancient world. Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine. Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, meaning that although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime. Blood glucose level is controlled by a hormone (insulin) produced by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the endocrine gland pancreas. After a heavy carbohydrate enriched meal the blood rise exponentially and thus have to be brought down within the normal limits. The high concentration is detected by receptors which then activate the beta cells in the pancreas to produce insulin which converts glucose into a polysaccharide form glucagon and store it in the liver thus removing glucose from the blood. The history of diabetes indicates that it was present as early as the First Century B.C. when it received its name from a Greek physician, Aretaeus of Cappadocia, after the word dia-bainein which means to siphon. This was related to the patients passing excessive amounts of urine. Several centuries after that in 1921 Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin as a diabetes medication and won a Nobel Prize for their discovery. Insulin is the hormone that controls that lowers the blood glucose concentration and its deficiency or insensitivity by target cells causes diabetes. Later after a few years of discovering insulin in 1936 Sir Harold Percival Himsworth distinguished diabetes type 1 and 2. There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes: also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is caused by the destruction of insulin beta cells. The onset of this type is usually during childhood (hence the name juvenile diabetes) and as the beta cells produce insufficient insulin, insulin injections are used to control the glucose levels (hence the name insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). Diet cannot control this type of diabetes as it does not increase or decrease the amount of insulin produced by the beta cells. The classical symptoms of type 1 diabetics are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue and weight loss in spite of increased appetite. These symptoms may be explained by the fact that due to the uncontrolled high levels of glucose the osmotic pressure of the blood changes owing to the increased solute concentration (glucose) in the blood and the body gets rid of all the extra glucose from the body through the urine as it cannot st ore it efficiently. Eventually this leads to the other symptoms. High amounts of glucose in the urine can cause increased urine output and lead to dehydration. Dehydration thus causes increased thirst and water consumption. Apart from these acute effects of high blood glucose level other chronic effects of diabetes include eye complications, kidney damage and nerve damage. Moreover Diabetes accelerates hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) of the larger blood vessels, leading to coronary heart disease (angina or heart attack), strokes, and pain in the lower extremities because of lack of blood supply (claudication). So far the researchers have concluded that a combination of genetic susceptibility, diabetogenic trigger and exposure to a driving antigen are the leading causes of inducing the Type 1 diabetes however other risk factors have also been identified. These include: environmental factors, triggering beta cells damage due to a virus, diet and other chemicals and drugs. Type 2 Diabetes: also known as adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is far more common than type 1 as it is the most common and frequent type of diabetes. It usually occurs in late stages of life, but younger youth are being diagnosed with this disease more frequently. The pancreas organ produces less insulin to keep blood sugar levels in the normal range, often because the target cells are no more sensitive to the insulin. Similar to the symptoms of type 1 diabetes, type 2 symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, fatigue, increased appetite and in some cases, blurred vision. Insulin injections are not usually needed to control this type of diabetes (hence the name non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and more stress is laid on controlling the patients diet by limiting it to low carbohydrate foods, exercising and if the condition worsens medication is often prescribed. Similar to type 1, genetics (family history) is thought to be a leading cause in inducing Type 2 diabetes in combination with a few other risk factors such as lifestyle, eating habits, age over 45 years, gestational diabetes giving birth to a baby who weighs more than 9 pounds, heart disease, high blood cholesterol level, obesity, not getting enough exercise, polycystic ovary disease (in women), previous impaired glucose tolerance and some ethnic groups (particularly African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic Americans). Gestational diabetes: is when high blood sugar levels develop at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have any form of diabetes. Women who have gestational diabetes are at a much higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the future. The risk factors of this kind of diabetes are similar to the risk factors of type 2 diabetes as gestational diabetes lead to type 2 diabetes. In general, no cure has been found for diabetes. Treatment for diabetes can involve various medicines, a balanced diet, and frequent exercise to control blood glucose levels and minimize symptoms with a long term aim to prevent the chronic complications of diabetes and to prolong patients life and reduce symptoms. Apart from achieving this through the use of insulin injections, diet control and exercise, blood pressure and cholesterol levels control, careful control of blood glucose levels and an educational background and awareness about diabetes play a vital role in treating and diagnosing diabetes. Testing for diabetes is easy and very handy nowadays. Testing of the urine may be used to look for glucose and ketones from the breakdown of fat. However, a urine test alone does not diagnose one with diabetes. This is because the presence of glucose in not necessarily due to the patient being a diabetic and could have been caused by the damage of the basement membrane in the kidney or the malfunction of the kidney. For diabetes diagnosis the following blood tests may be Fasting blood glucose level diabetes is diagnosed if higher than 126 mg/dL on two occasions Hemoglobin A1c test Normal: Less than 5.7% Pre-diabetes: Between 5.7% 6.4% Diabetes: 6.5% or higher Oral sugar tolerance test diabetes is diagnosed if sugar level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours. This test is also used more for type 2 diabetes. Random (non-fasting) blood glucose level diabetes is suspected if higher than 200 mg/dL Diabetes is a leading disease in many parts of the world causing innumerable deaths each year. Statistics show that diabetes affects 25.8 million people of all ages 8.3 percent of the U.S. population out of which only 18.8 million people are diagnosed while the rest remain oblivious to their medical condition. The severity of this disease goes unnoticed or unacknowledged by several people who label this disease as sugar and confine it to being related and associated with the intake of sweet things only. Very few know that diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke and the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. However, over the years diabetes has emerged as one the leading health threats in third world countries and so a lot of research is being concentrated on curing, managing and preventing this disease. Curing the diseases has positively motivated several scientists to further their stem cell research and using the stem cells of the diabetic patient create a healthy fully developed and functioning pancreas or even healthy Islets of Langerhans that produce insulin. This will not only cure type I diabetes but also eliminate post operation complications like tissue rejection and immune suppressant drug dependence etc. Similarly, gene therapy is also being used to switch on certain genes on the chromosomes that would trigger insulin production. Medicines have been introduced and drugs to increase target cell sensitivity are continuously being invented but they mainly revolve around monitoring the disease not curing it. Portable blood glucose meter, insulin pumps etc are all new inventions aimed at helping diabetics control and follow their blood glucose level thus making their life a lot easier. Lastly as mentioned before, as yet there is no cure for diabetes but as the saying goes prevention before cure, educating the population about the risk factors and dangers of diabetics is at the moment the nest way to prevent the number of people suffering from diabetes and so awareness should be spread. [word count: 1603]

Confessions Essay -- essays research papers

Augustine titled his deeply philosophical and theological autobiography Confessions to implicate two aspects of the form the work would take. To confess, in Augustine's time, meant both to give an account of one's faults to God and to praise God (to speak one's love for God). These two aims come together in the Confessions in an elegant but complex sense: Augustine narrates his ascent from sinfulness to faithfulness not simply for the practical edification of his readers, but also because he believes that narrative to be itself a story of God's greatness and of the fundamental love all things have for Him. Thus, in the Confessions form equals content to a large degree—the natural form for Augustine's story of redemption to take would be a direct address to God, since it is God who must be thanked for such redemption. (That said, a direct address to God was a highly original form for Augustine to have used at the time). This idea should also help us understand the apparently lopsided and unusual structure of the text. The first nine Books of the Confessions are devoted to the story of Augustine's life up to his mother's death, but the last four Books make a sudden, lengthy departure into pure theology and philosophy. This shift should be understood in the same context as the double meaning of 'confessions'—for Augustine, the story of his sinful life and redemption is in fact a profoundly philosophical and religious matter, since his story is only one exampl...

Mass Media and Violence

Mass Media and Violence Is it hard to believe that just forty years ago only a few privileged American families had televisions in their home? In recent years, it is estimated that a whopping ninety-eight percent of Americans have one or more television sets in their home. Motion pictures, televisions, video games, and the internet are just some forms of mass media that have emerged since the last century. With the rise of mass media, the increase of violent behavior has increased as well. Mass media influences many factors of people’s lives such as moral beliefs, behavior, and values.Violence in mass media is greatly dominating our society and continues to do so. It causes aggression and is a growing epidemic among the youth. Scott Barbour praises the American Academy of Pediatrics: â€Å"The vast majority of studies conclude that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between media violence and real-life violence. This link is undeniable and uncontestable. † It is n o lie when they say the average American child witnesses 200,000 acts of violence on TV by the age of eighteen. Watching violent TV shows or movies promotes aggression.People want to follow what everyone else is doing so they will follow and may even commit what these actors are doing on the television. According to L. R. Huesmann, research shows that fictional TV and film violence contribute to both short and long-term increase in aggression and violence in young viewers. Children are in particular are affected by violence, aggression, or sexual abuse in our media because of their helpless psychology. Some forms of aggression include truancy, lack of social skills, and failing out of school. It is no doubt that the media that promotes violence and aggression is the same one to have an effect on society.This is a monkey see, monkey do world and people may not even know that they being effected, but they are. Especially with the next generation coming up, they sort of are growing up with the violence. It becomes more and more traumatic as they see it more. According to Mughal, children and teen’s values and beliefs will become more aggressive. He goes on to say that media portrays war as entertainment [in video games]. War is not entertainment and nobody wins in real war while real people are getting killed. This illustrates another problem: can ociety depict from reality and fantasy? Most of the recent shootings in the United States were committed by the youth. Is it just a coincidence or is it because of the hostility displayed on their television sets? Many people think that violence in media is entirely based on real life. They proclaim that since we live in the real world, the media cannot possibly be more violent than what we already know. Actually, it is impossible for people to know all horrific events that have taken place. Also, some would say that it is up to the individual to decide what to be exposed to. That is not true, since you are expos ed to cruel media whether you know it or not. Even on the news, â€Å"Crimes such as murders, robberies, and abuse are shown as deviant behavior† rather than actual violence. In conclusion, violence in media does affect society. It is a growing wave and teaches aggression. Some solutions could be placing regulations on TV and motion picture producers. If gun makers have regulations on guns they make, why not placing rules on producers? Also, parents should be aware of what their children watch.There is no way to be completely censored of the media but it can be kept at a minimum. Times have changed since the last show of Leave it to Beaver. If there was less violence in the media, there will be less violence in the real world as well. Works Citied Cline, Victor. â€Å"How the Mass Media Effects Our Values and Behavior. † . N. p. , n. d. 20 Dec 2012. Dean, Gregory. â€Å"A Mediated Culture. † Marketogrpahy N. p. 23 Nov 2010. Web. 19 Dec 2012. Barbour, Scott. â₠¬Å"What Causes Teen Violence? † Teen Violence, pg 49-51. San Deigo, CA. 1999. Print. Huesmann, L.R. and Taylor, Laramie. â€Å"The Role of Media Violence in Violent Behavior. † 2006. PDF. 21 Dec 2012. Mughal, M. A. â€Å"Mass Media and its Influence on Society. † Opinion Maker. N. p. , 18 Jan. 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2012. Norton, Eric. â€Å"The Dangers of Violence in Modern Mass Media. † Center for Community Health Partnerships. N. p. , 22 June 2009. Web. 21 December 2012. ——————————————– [ 2 ]. Cline, Victor. â€Å"How the Mass Media Effects Our Values and Behavior. † . N. p. , n. d. 20 Dec 2012. [ 3 ]. Dean, Gregory. â€Å"A Mediated Culture. † Marketogrpahy N. p. 3 Nov 2010. Web. 19 Dec 2012. [ 4 ]. Barbour, Scott. â€Å"What Causes Teen Violence? † Teen Violence, pg 51. San Deigo, CA. 1999. Print. 4 Barbour, 49 [ 6 ]. Huesmann, L. R. and Taylor, Laramie. â€Å"The Role of Media Violence in Violent Behavior. † 2006. PDF. 21 Dec 2012. [ 7 ]. Norton, Eric. â€Å"The Dangers of Violence in Modern Mass Media. † Center for Community Health Partnerships. N. p. , 22 June 2009. Web. 21 December 2012. [ 8 ]. Mughal, M. A. â€Å"Mass Media and its Influence on Society. † Opinion Maker. N. p. , 18 Jan. 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2012. [ 9 ]. Norton, Eric. [ 10 ]. Dean, Gregory.

Unknown Paper

The objective of these â€Å"unknown† experiments was to take a mixed culture, which contains two unknown species, and identify those species through a series of tests. The group was informed that one species of bacteria would be a gram-negative bacillus and the other would be a gram positive coccus. The tests to be conducted ranged from streak plate isolation to biochemical tests. Each test to be conducted was discussed and agreed upon by all group members. The results of each test were analyzed by the group and led to selection of the next test that would further narrow the possible identity of the unknown species.On September 16, 2010, our group was given a mixed culture in which we were to identify two organisms within the mixture, by running several biochemical tests. On this day our objective was to prepare the specimen of the mixed culture into discrete colonies. Each member of our group then conducted a streak plate and we would later pick the best plate of isolated co lonies. To perform a streak plate, aseptic technique was required. We had our mixed culture in the form of a broth therefore our inoculating instrument would be a loop.We also needed our agar plates each marked into four quadrants and a Bunsen burner. We then proceeded to transfer the mixed culture to the plates aseptically. In preparation for the transfer of the mix culture to a plate we placed the tube of broth in our non-dominant hand. The loop was sterilized by placing it into the fire of the Bunsen burner until the entire wire became red hot, â€Å"red is dead†. The tube was uncapped facing the cap downward along with the inoculated loop in the dominant hand.We then passed the tube through the flame of the Bunsen burner briefly to burn off any contaminates that may be present at the opening of the tube. The inoculated loop was then inserted into the broth of the mixed culture to obtain the organisms to be transferred to the plate. The tube was then passed though the Buns en burner again, capped, and put aside. With the sterilized loop containing the organism we proceeded to transfer the organism to the plate of quadrant I in a zigzag movement. We then re-flamed the loop till red and cooled the instrument to the side of quadrant II.Then from quadrant I we made four lines crossing into quadrant II. We re-flamed the loop till red and then cooled the instrument again to the side of quadrant III. From quadrant II we made four lines crossing into quadrant III. From quadrant III we continued making four more lines crossing into quadrant IV. We inoculated our loop once more, freeing the instrument of any organism by re-flaming till red. Once we each completed a streak plate, the plates where taped and marked with the date, initials, and group number. On September 23, 2010, we obtained our plates made from September 16.We identified discrete colonies into two organisms that we named yellow and beige. The yellow organism was an obvious yellow pigmentation, mo derate in size, entire, circular, raised colony and the beige was an off-white pigmentation, small, entire, circular, umbonate colony. We next chose the best representative colony of each organism to be transfer to a nutrient agar slant. Again we aseptically transferred the organisms, yellow and beige, into individual agar slants. Our instrument that we used was a loop along with two slant tubes and a Bunsen burner.With our selected plate ready and available, the slant in the least dominated hand, we inoculated the loop till red, uncapped the tube, flamed the tubes, obtained the yellow organism from the plate, and transferred it to the slant in a zigzag motion. We then re-flamed the tube, capped the test tube, and flamed the loop. Then we proceeded with the same procedures for the beige organism. The purpose of transferring the organisms was to evaluate the abundance of growth, pigmentation, optical characteristics, form (not applied due to the use of a zigzag rather then a straight line), and consistency.On October 7, 2010 our third day of our Unknown’s project we conducted a Gram stain procedure. From last week’s test, we achieved pure cultural characteristics from the two slants we made. The growth we saw on the agar slant that contained the yellow specimen was a soft, smooth, yellow growth. The growth we saw on the beige specimen was a thin, even, beige growth. Both cultural characteristics were achieved in the appropriate categories. The categories we were looking for contained abundance of growth, pigmentation, optical characteristics, and consistency.Today we will be preparing two bacterial smears from each specimen and Gram staining them. The reason we are conducting this test is to differentiate between two principle groups, gram positive and gram negative and to further know if a pure culture from both organisms was achieved. This is important for classification and differentiation of microorganisms. The Gram stain reaction will help us tell the difference of the chemical composition of bacterial cell walls. The Gram stain procedure uses four different reagents such as crystal violet, gram’s iodine, ethyl alcohol, and safranin.Before the Gram stain is performed we must make two bacterial smears of the two specimens. We placed one loop of distilled water on a clean slide aseptically. He transferred the specimen from the agar slant that contained the yellow growth and placed it on the slide with the water and gently mixed it together in a circular motion approximately the size of a nickel. He let the smear air dry for one minute and gently heat fixed it by quickly passing the slide through the flame 3-5 times with a clothes pin. The same aseptic transfer and Gram stain procedure was performed on the agar slant that contained the beige specimen.After we successfully performed the bacterial smear, we started the Gram Stain procedure. The first step in the Gram stain procedure is flooding the bacterial smear wit h crystal violet and letting it sit for one minute. After the crystal violet has set we rinsed the reagent off with distilled water. Next, we flooded the bacterial smear with Gram’s Iodine for one minute. After we let the Gram’s Iodine set we rinsed the Gram’s Iodine off of the slide gently with distilled water. The next step in the Gram stain procedure contained 95% Ethyl alcohol.Drop by drop we let the alcohol run onto the stain until the color of the stain was almost clear. After this step we rinsed off the alcohol with distilled water once again. The next step in finalizing the Gram stain procedure is counterstaining the smear with safranin for 45 seconds. Once the counterstain has set we rinsed the stain gently one last time with distilled water and used bibulous paper to blot dry the stain. After we completed the Gram stain procedure we looked at both Gram stain’s under a light microscope at 100X with immersion oil. The steps in preparing the light microscope are very simple.First we plugged in the microscope and turned it on, second we made sure the light intensity has been adjusted and the stage is all the way down. Then we placed the slide on the stage and clipped it into place and raised the stage all the way up with the course adjustment knob. We made sure the objective lens is started at 4X also known as the scanning objective. While we were looking through the oculars we slowly lowered the stage until we could see our specimen. It was not clear so with the fine adjustment knob we turned the knob away from us and fine focused the specimen until we could see it much clearer.Then we change the objective lens to 10X and again turned the fine adjustment knob away from us until the specimen became clearer. We remembered to not touch the course adjustment knob once we have moved away from the scanning objective lens or we would lose our specimen. After we saw our specimen clear under 10X, we turned the objective lens to 40X an d turned the fine adjustment knob until we once again saw a clear specimen through the oculars. Once we saw the specimen under 40X we turned the objective lens between 40X and 100X, this is where we used immersion oil only.We did not lower the stage to put oil immersion on the stage or our specimen would be gone. The reason we used oil immersion is so there was way for light to escape through the slide, and the 100X objective lens. It is used as a piece of glass that does not let the light bend and refract, so the image of our specimen is seen even clearer than before. We place two drops of immersion oil on the slide and turned the objective lens all the way to 100X and slid the objective back and forth a couple of times through the oil that way it is covered completely and there were no air bubbles.Using the fine adjustment knob we found our specimen once again and it was clearer than ever. We have found your specimen. Under the microscope the yellow specimen we stained was a purpl e gram positive stain with a tetrad arrangement. The beige organism we Gram stained was a pink gram negative stain with no arrangement. Once we were done with this part of the experiment we decided as a group that the next test we needed to run was the Carbohydrate Fermentation test. The reason for choosing this test was so we would be able to determine if the organism is able to degrade and ferment carbohydrates with the production of acid and gas.After finding our specimens we lowered the stage and took the slide off of the stage a cleaned the 100X oil objective lens with Kym wipes. We turned the objective lens back to 4X, the scanning objective, and turned the microscope off. On October 21, 2010 the Lactose Carbohydrate Fermentation test was previously selected and prepared for the week prior in order to reduce the probability of our organisms. We performed aseptic technique when transferring our unknown organisms which consisted of performing these previously perfected steps to ensure that our tests be inoculated properly.When performing aseptic technique you need to have all the proper materials necessary to ensure the highest level of sterility while maintaining safety. In sequential order these are the steps that we used to perform the sub culturing for our unknowns assignment. In preparation for the transfer, the stock tube and the tube to be inoculated both had caps loosened and properly placed in the non-dominant hand in a V formation separated by the third digit. An inoculating loop was apprehended and sterilized by placing it to the fire until the entire wire became red hot (â€Å"red is dead†).We uncapped the tubes simultaneously with the inoculating loop still in the dominant hand and immediately passed the two tubes through the flame of the Bunsen burner briefly. The inoculating loop then was inserted into the subculture tube and the inoculum was obtained and transferred to the tube that needed to be inoculated. Following the proper inocu lation and removal of the loop from the tube, the necks of both tubes were then again passed through the Bunsen burner, and then the caps were replaced on the proper tube. Lastly the inoculating loop was again flamed to destroy the remaining organisms on the instrument.After successfully transferring the broth culture with the organism to phenol red test tubes with Durham tubes in each, we reviewed our possible results to ensure we understood what was expected. â€Å"Anaerobic use of sugars produces pyruvic acid from glycolysis, and eventually lactic acid or lactic acid and carbon dioxide through the fermentation pathways. † Results after incubation should show negative or positive results. A negative result for sugar fermentation is shown as no color change and no gas in Durham tube. A positive result for carbohydrate fermentation is shown as color changed to yellow indicating acid production.Gas bubble in Durham tube indicates carbon dioxide production. Preparation for Nitr ate reduction test was performed and it consisted of us maintaining our initial broth of our G -unknown. The reason we did the Nitrate reduction test on our Gram – specimen was because according to our chart getting a positive or negative result would eliminate several organisms and would bring us closer to finding out which specimen we had. Some organisms have the ability to reduce NO3- to Nitrite NO2- or N2 or ammonia. ***Javance can you type out the procedure that was done for the Nitrate reduction test right here where this note is.We only did this test in our Gram negative organism. I found out where I made that mistake in my notes. So I fixed it for you. Just type out our transfer from our original broth to the tryptic nitrate broth step by step like you did for our carbohydrate fermentation test*** We added 5 drops of Nitrate A and 5 drops of Nitrate B to our Nitrate broth which contained our G- specimen and also had a Durham tube in it and incubated for one week. On O ctober 28, 2010, after a week has passed of incubation, we reviewed our results from our two previous tests; the Carbohydrate Fermentation and Nitrate reduction test.Carbohydrate fermentation test results were for the yellow G+, no gas bubble was present and the color did not change, it remained red which shows negative fermentation. For beige G-, no gas bubble or color change was seen so it also showed negative fermentation. According to our charts, our G+ specimen was the only one in our chart that had G+ cocci and negative fermentation so our result indicated our first specimen was M. Luteus. Our Nitrate reduction test result was our G- organism turned red which indicated a positive nitrate reduction to nitrite. We then prepared our Gram-negative organism for a Hydrogen Sulfide Test (H2S).We chose the H2S test because we found that it would illuminate our organism into a possibility of either two positive results or three negative results. In the H2S test we used a SIM agar deep test tube as our medium and aseptically transferred our Gram-negative organism from a broth using a needle to stab into the test tube. ***Veda can you type step by step right here the procedure done for the H2S test into the SIM agar deep, not just that we stabbed it***This medium contains peptone and sodium thiosulfate as the sulfur substrate; ferrous sulfate behaves as a H2S indicator and enhances anaerobic respiration.Since Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless and invisible gas, the ferrous ammonium sulfate in the medium combines with the gas producing FeS, which produces a black precipitate. After a week of incubation On November 4, 2010, we observed black precipitate leading to a positive result for H2S gas production, if there was no color change, then that would have indicated a negative result for H2S gas production. With a positive result of our findings, our Gram negative organism concluded a possibility of two organisms of Salmonella typhimurium or Proteus vulgaris.After we an alyzed our findings, we figured the next test that would reveal our organism would be through the Indole Production Test. An Indole Production test also uses a SIM agar deep medium and with the Kovac’s reagent we would get immediate results by adding ten drops of Kovac’s reagent. By adding the Kovac’s regent, a negative result for indole production by giving off a yellow or brown color. A positive result would show if there was a red pigmentation in the reagent layer.With gloves on we added 10 drops of Kovac’s reagent to our specimen and immediately observe a yellow/brown reagent layer, concluding a negative result. We finally discover that our Gram-Negative organism is Salmonella typhimurium. Based on the results of our biochemical tests, our two species of Unknown bacteria were found to be Micrococcus luteus and Salmonella typhumurium. M. Luteus was determined to be our Gram positive organism after a negative result on the Lactose fermentation test.This test ruled out L. lactis and S. aureus. To determine that Salmonella typhimurium was our Gram negative organism we needed to conduct a few more tests. The lactose test yielded a negative result which led us to conduct a Nitrate Reduction test that yielded a positive result. At that point we conducted a Hydrogen Sulfide test and it yielded a positive result and that allowed our group to conduct an Indole test. This finalized our identity for the Gram negative organism Salmonella typhimurium.

The Gift of the Magi and its Background Essays

The Gift of the Magi and its Background Essays The Gift of the Magi and its Background Essay The Gift of the Magi and its Background Essay In my paper I am traveling to be depicting the short narrative The Gift of the Magi. Throughout my paper I am traveling to depict what I feel is the subject of the narrative itself. I will besides be explicating and placing symbolism used and described in the narrative. every bit good as speaking about the point of position that the storyteller used in the narrative. Finally. I will be depicting how the literary elements affect the storytellers subject. The Gift of the Magi. is a short narrative written by O Henry. in this short narrative is the true significance of love and the importance it is to demo your loved 1s how much they mean to you and how much you care about them. I believe that the subject of the narrative. The Gift of the Magi. would be the gift of giving. Peoples frequently forget about the importance and giving and merely concentrate their attending on having. They are less likely to worry more about buying something for person else as they are disquieted about what person else is traveling to buy and give to them as a present. My expression on this is it is better to give than to have. In this narrative it is like how I feel and how I think around Christmas clip they do non believe about what their hubby or their married woman is traveling to be buying them as gifts this twelvemonth. They are merely focused on and concerned about purchasing each other the gift they believe is the perfect gift. They want to demo them how much they care about them. and even if it means turning in their prized ownerships they will make that in order to buy this gift for Christmas. It shows how difficult of a clip financially that Jim and Della were holding. Della merely had $ 1. 87 to her name to be able to buy her hubby Jim the gift she wanted to for Christmas and this was non traveling to go on. She knew that she was traveling to hold to sell her hair to be able to buy her hubby Jim’s ticker that she wanted to acquire him for Christmas. They. however. larn a batch about the nature of love and its relationship to giving. ( Clugston. 2010 p. 5. 5 ) . I believe that throughout the narrative there was a batch of symbolism that was used. Just to call a twosome that I feel is really of import portion of the narrative would be Della’s hair. and Jim’s ticker. These are really of import to each other and would be considered their most prized ownerships. I feel like they both use their ain point to typify love. They took it upon themselves to sell their prized ownerships in order to be able to buy the gift for each other for Christmas. They had to sell these in order to hold adequate money and to be able to financially buy the perfect gif they had found each other. This shows the existent love they had for each other. and besides shows unselfish love. The point of position this short narrative was told in was third-person limited omniscient. This point of position is used when the ideas and feelings throughout the narrative is focused on one of the characters alternatively of more than one. After reading. The Gift of the Magi. I think that the storyteller uses assorted literary elements to assist the reader better understand what the subject of the narrative is truly about. I believe that Della and Jim shows what love. generousness. and philistinism is truly approximately during this narrative. The author’s chief character he created was of beauty and emotion. Della appears to be really altruistic in the short narrative. She is non concerned about herself. but merely concerned about her hubby. I believe that the writer goes into really good item about the feelings and emotions of Della and Jim in the narrative so it will assist people who are reading it to be able to associate better to the narrative. When reading the narrative I could see times that I personally have difficult it difficult and it made me to be able to associate to the feelings that she was holding. I believe that the literary elements were used a batch during the narrative to truly merely give the reader a better understand of what they are reading. It is easier for a reader to be able to concentrate. focal point. and bask the narrative if they can associate to it. Mention Clugston. R. W. ( 2010 ) . Journey into Literature. San Diego. California: Bridgepoint Education. Inc.